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A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
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Working Memory Impairment Across Psychotic disorders.

James M Gold1, Deanna M Barch2, Leah M Feuerstahler3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Schizophrenia Bulletin
|September 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive neuroscience research shows working memory (WM) impairments and attention lapses are common in psychotic disorders. WM task performance correlated with functional capacity, suggesting clinical utility for these assessments.

Keywords:
capacity limitationscognitive impairmentpsychosisschizophreniaworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) is crucial for various cognitive functions.
  • Understanding WM deficits is key in psychiatric disorders.
  • Existing WM paradigms need clinical utility evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Assess the clinical utility of basic cognitive neuroscience WM paradigms.
  • Evaluate WM storage capacity estimation without attention lapse contamination.
  • Examine WM performance in schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar disorder with psychosis.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 61 schizophrenia, 49 schizoaffective, 47 bipolar with psychosis, and 59 healthy volunteers.
  • Administered multiple WM tasks: Change Detection, Change Localization, and Running Span.
  • Utilized a mathematical model to analyze attention lapses.

Main Results:

  • Healthy volunteers outperformed patients on visual Change Localization and Running Span tasks.
  • WM capacity estimates correlated significantly with functional capacity and outcome.
  • Patient groups showed similar WM task performance, indicating general impairment.

Conclusions:

  • WM impairment and attention lapsing are characteristic of psychotic disorders.
  • WM assessment methods show potential for clinical application.
  • Change Detection and Localization tasks may aid in evaluating functional capacity and outcome.