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[The Effect of Chronic Cigarette Use on Cognitive Function]
Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish Journal of Psychiatry
|September 28, 2018
Summary
Chronic cigarette smoking impairs cognitive functions like verbal memory and attention. Former smokers may show some recovery, but deficits related to smoking dose and duration persist.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychology
- Addiction Medicine
Background:
- Tobacco use disorder is a prevalent condition.
- Cognitive function can be affected by substance use.
- Understanding smoking's impact on cognition is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of chronic cigarette smoking on cognitive function.
- To compare cognitive performance between smokers, former smokers, and non-smokers.
- To identify specific cognitive domains affected by smoking.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study involving three groups: smokers (n=71), former smokers (n=39), and non-smokers (n=49).
- Cognitive assessment using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Color and Word Test (ST), Trail Making Test (TMT), Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), and Serial Digit Learning Test (SDLT).
- Statistical analysis using Three-Factor Covariance Analysis to compare groups.
Main Results:
- Smokers exhibited significantly higher scores on the Stroop test (color discourse) and Trail Making Test-B (executive function and attention) compared to non-smokers.
- Former smokers also showed significantly higher Trail Making Test-B scores than non-smokers.
- Auditory Verbal Learning Test scores indicated lower verbal learning in smokers compared to both non-smokers and former smokers, with no significant difference between non-smokers and former smokers.
Conclusions:
- Chronic smoking is associated with selective cognitive deficits in auditory verbal memory, visual-spatial processing, and attention.
- Cognitive impairments in smokers appear dose- and duration-dependent.
- Further research is needed, considering limitations such as the absence of a general cognitive assessment like the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS).
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