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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.7K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Related Experiment Video

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Monitoring Protein Adsorption with Solid-state Nanopores
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Monitoring Protein Adsorption with Solid-state Nanopores

Published on: December 2, 2011

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Recent Progress in Solid-State Nanopores.

Kidan Lee1, Kyeong-Beom Park1, Hyung-Jun Kim1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solid-state nanopores offer sensitive biomolecule detection and device advantages over protein nanopores. Research focuses on improving fabrication, reducing noise, and using 2D materials for enhanced DNA sequencing and biosensing applications.

Keywords:
DNA sequencingnanopore devicesnanopore fabricationsolid-state nanopores

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Solid-state nanopores are emerging as sensitive platforms for single-molecule biosensing and DNA sequencing.
  • They offer advantages in processability, device robustness, and tunable dimensions compared to protein nanopores.
  • Current limitations include insufficient spatial and temporal resolution for advanced DNA sequencing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the fundamental principles and novelty of solid-state nanopore devices.
  • To review advancements in device fabrication and performance enhancement.
  • To explore strategies for improving detection sensitivity and spatial resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizing fundamental principles of solid-state nanopore operation.
  • Reviewing device fabrication improvements and noise reduction techniques.
  • Analyzing the application of 2D materials (graphene, h-BN, MoS2) and organic coatings.

Main Results:

  • Solid-state nanopores demonstrate high sensitivity for biomolecule detection.
  • Improvements in fabrication and noise reduction enhance device performance.
  • 2D materials and organic coatings boost spatial resolution and add chemical functionality.
  • Applications span detection of DNA-bound proteins, modified DNA, proteins, and protein oligomers.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-state nanopores are promising for next-generation DNA sequencing and biosensing.
  • Ongoing research addresses limitations in resolution and sensitivity.
  • Advanced materials and functionalization strategies are key to unlocking full potential.