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Weakness of visual working memory in autism.

Yasuko Funabiki^1,2, Taiko Shiwa^1,2

¹Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research

|September 28, 2018

Summary

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not possess visual superiority. This study found autistic adults have deficits in rapid visual working memory, not auditory memory.

Keywords:

Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised autism visual and auditory memory visual superior working memory

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often utilize visual supports, suggesting potential visual processing strengths.
However, cognitive superiority in visual processing and its divergence from other sensory processing in ASD remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate cognitive differences in visual versus auditory processing in adults with ASD.
To determine if individuals with ASD exhibit visual superiority.

Main Methods:

The Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) was administered to 64 adults with ASD and 30 matched controls.
Participants were assessed on visual and auditory memory tasks, including working memory components.

Main Results:

Adults with ASD demonstrated significantly poorer performance in visual working memory tasks involving rapid information processing (P < .01).
No significant differences were found between ASD and control groups in static visual memory (Visual Reproduction) or auditory memory (including working memory).
A marginal difference was observed in another visual memory task (Visual Paired Associates) with slower presentation rates (P = .019).

Conclusions:

Contrary to assumptions, individuals with ASD do not exhibit cognitive visual superiority.
Deficits in processing rapid visual information, particularly in visual working memory, appear characteristic of ASD.
Static visual memory and auditory processing remain intact, suggesting specific challenges with temporal visual processing in autism spectrum disorder.