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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Ultrasound Tissue Characterization of Human Achilles Tendon by Stability Quantification of Echo Patterns
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Tendon structure quantified using ultrasound imaging differs based on location and training type.

Kenton L Hagan1, Todd Hullfish2, Ellen Casey3

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|September 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Achilles tendinopathy is common in runners. This study found Achilles tendons remain stable during training, while patellar tendons remodel, suggesting adaptation to varying sport-specific loads.

Keywords:
Achilles tendoncollagen alignmentrunningtendinopathyultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Orthopedic Research

Background:

  • Achilles tendinopathy affects running athletes disproportionately.
  • Understanding tendon remodeling in response to training load is crucial for injury prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively characterize Achilles and patellar tendon structure in collegiate runners over competitive seasons.
  • To investigate tendon remodeling using quantitative ultrasound imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative ultrasound imaging of Achilles and patellar tendons in 22 collegiate runners and 11 controls.
  • Analysis of collagen organization, echogenicity, thickness, and neovascularity.
  • Imaging conducted at the start and end of cross-country and track seasons.

Main Results:

  • Achilles tendon collagen alignment was less organized in runners but stable throughout the season.
  • Patellar tendons showed improved collagen alignment and increased thickness after the track season.
  • Achilles tendon structure remained stable, while patellar tendon structure adapted to training transitions.

Conclusions:

  • Achilles and patellar tendons exhibit unique structural responses to training loads in distance runners.
  • Patellar tendon remodeling may serve as a protective adaptation to sport-specific demands.
  • Findings highlight the dynamic nature of tendon adaptation in response to athletic training cycles.