Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography
08:00

Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography

Published on: April 8, 2019

9.6K

Refractive Error in Chinese Preschool Children: The Shanghai Study

Tao Li1, Xiaodong Zhou, Xuefeng Chen

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology (T.L., X.Z.), Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai, China; and Jinshan District Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center (X.Z., X.C., H.Q., Q.G.), Shanghai, China.

Eye & Contact Lens
|September 28, 2018
PubMed

Insights

This study found a high prevalence of refractive errors in Chinese preschoolers, with myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism affecting over 19% of children. Factors like being female and body composition were linked to myopia development.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Optometry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Refractive errors are a significant global health concern, particularly in children.
  • Early detection and intervention are crucial for preventing long-term vision impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) in Chinese preschool children.
  • To identify associated factors influencing refractive error development in this age group.

Main Methods:

  • A school-based survey of 7,166 children aged 4-6 years in Shanghai.
  • Refractive error assessed via noncycloplegic autorefraction.
  • Axial length, body height, and weight were also recorded.

Main Results:

  • Overall prevalence: myopia 5.9%, hyperopia 1.0%, astigmatism 12.7%.
  • Spherical equivalent median: +0.25 D.
  • Myopic spherical equivalent associated with female sex, longer axial length, taller, and lighter children.

Conclusions:

  • Shanghai exhibits a high prevalence of refractive errors among preschool children.
  • Further longitudinal studies are essential to track refractive changes and inform myopia prevention strategies.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Measurement Of Neuromagnetic Brain Function In Pre-school Children With Custom Sized MEG14:15

Measurement Of Neuromagnetic Brain Function In Pre-school Children With Custom Sized MEG

Published on: February 19, 2010

17.3K
Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.8K

Related Concept Videos

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
11.0K
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
13.8K
Random Error01:04

Random Error

Random or indeterminate errors originate from various uncontrollable variables, such as variations in environmental conditions, instrument imperfections, or the inherent variability of the phenomena being measured. Usually, these errors cannot be predicted, estimated, or characterized because their direction and magnitude often vary in magnitude and direction even during consecutive measurements. As a result, they are difficult to eliminate. However, the aggregate effect of these errors can be...
9.8K
Margin of Error01:27

Margin of Error

The margin of error is also called the maximum error of an estimate. The margin of error is the maximum possible or expected difference between the observed sample parameter value and the actual population parameter value. For proportion, it is the maximum difference between the value of sample proportion obtained from the data and the true value of population proportion. As the true value of the population parameter is not known, the margin of error is calculated using the sample statistic.
7.6K
Standard Error of the Mean01:13

Standard Error of the Mean

The sampling variability of a statistic is defined as how much the statistic varies from one sample to another. The sampling variability of a statistic is typically measured by measuring its standard error.
The standard error of the mean is an example of a standard error. It is a unique standard deviation known as the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean. The standard error of the mean is a statistic that calculates how correctly a sample distribution represents a...
12.4K
Contaminants and Errors01:16

Contaminants and Errors

Effective sample preparation is crucial for accurate and reliable laboratory analysis. During this process, two significant sources of error can arise: concentration bias from improper sample splitting and contamination caused by methods used to reduce particle size, such as grinding or homogenization. Identifying and minimizing these potential errors is crucial to ensuring the validity of the analysis.
Another key consideration is determining the appropriate number of samples required to...
376