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Pilot investigation of the relationship between hippocampal volume and pattern separation deficits in multiple

Mark D Zuppichini1, Joshua Sandry2

  • 1School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
|September 28, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Pattern separation is impaired in multiple sclerosis (MS), impacting memory. This cognitive function predicts hippocampal volume loss in MS patients, suggesting its potential as a biomarker.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Memory impairment and hippocampal atrophy are prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • The mnemonic process of pattern separation is crucial for memory formation and recall.
  • Understanding cognitive deficits in MS is vital for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pattern separation deficits in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).
  • To determine if pattern separation performance predicts hippocampal volume in RRMS.
  • To explore relationships between pattern separation and specific hippocampal subfields.

Main Methods:

  • Participants with RRMS and healthy controls completed the Mnemonic Similarities Task (MST) and traditional memory assessments.
  • Structural magnetic resonance imaging (3T MRI) was used to measure whole hippocampal and subfield volumes.
  • Statistical analyses examined group differences and correlations between cognitive performance and brain structure.

Main Results:

  • MS participants demonstrated significantly worse pattern separation performance than healthy controls (Cohen's d = 0.96).
  • In MS patients, hippocampal volume strongly correlated with pattern separation (r = 0.83) but not verbal memory (r = 0.19).
  • Exploratory analyses revealed associations between pattern separation and subiculum, molecular layer, and CA1 subfield volumes in MS.

Conclusions:

  • Pattern separation is impaired in individuals with RRMS.
  • MST performance serves as a sensitive cognitive biomarker for memory dysfunction in MS.
  • Pattern separation performance is a significant predictor of hippocampal volume in RRMS, highlighting its clinical relevance.
Keywords:
HippocampusMemoryMultiple sclerosisPattern separation

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