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Related Concept Videos

Variance01:15

Variance

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The deviations show how spread out the data are about the mean. A positive deviation occurs when the data value exceeds the mean, whereas a negative deviation occurs when the data value is less than the mean. If the deviations are added, the sum is always zero. So one cannot simply add the deviations to get the data spread. By squaring the deviations, the numbers are made positive; thus, their sum will also be positive.
The standard deviation measures the spread in the same units as the data....
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Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)01:27

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α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds with two electrophilic sites, the carbonyl carbon, and the β carbon, are susceptible to nucleophilic attack via two modes: conjugate or 1,4-addition and direct or 1,2-addition.
Conjugate addition results in a thermodynamically stable product. The reaction retains the stronger C=O bond at the expense of the weaker C=C π bond. The process is slow as the β carbon is less electrophilic than the carbonyl carbon.
Direct addition products are...
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Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks01:21

Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks

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Friedman's Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks is a nonparametric test designed to identify differences across multiple test attempts when traditional assumptions of normality and equal variances do not apply. Unlike conventional ANOVA, which requires normally distributed data with equal variances, Friedman's test is ideal for ordinal or non-normally distributed data, making it particularly useful for analyzing dependent samples, such as matched subjects over time or repeated measures...
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Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

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The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
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Conjugate Addition of Enolates: Michael Addition01:08

Conjugate Addition of Enolates: Michael Addition

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The attack of a nucleophile at the β carbon of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound is called conjugate addition. Conjugate addition reactions of active methylene compounds, such as β-diketones, β-keto esters, β-keto nitriles, and α-nitro ketones, are called Michael addition reactions.
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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

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Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Multi-material Ceramic-Based Components – Additive Manufacturing of Black-and-white Zirconia Components by Thermoplastic 3D-Printing (CerAM - T3DP)
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Modeling methylation data as an additional genetic variance component.

Marcio Almeida1, Juan Peralta1,2, Jose Garcia1

  • 11South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, One West University Blvd., STDOI Modular Building #100, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA.

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|September 29, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic methylation patterns influence gene expression and environmental interactions. This study identified the TMEM52 gene

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Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Genomics
  • Systems Biology
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • High-throughput platforms enable the study of DNA methylation, a key epigenetic mechanism.
  • Epigenetic modifications, like DNA methylation, are crucial for gene expression control and can be influenced by environmental factors.
  • Cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) methylation sites are critical in understanding genomic events and environmental impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heritability of CpG island methylation before and after fenofibrate treatment.
  • To identify genes whose methylation patterns contribute to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) heritability.
  • To explore the utility of variance component decomposition in multi-omics data analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Calculation of heritability estimates for CpG islands before and after fenofibrate treatment.
  • Correction of sample correlations using principal components.
  • Implementation of a random-effect association test to link methylation patterns with HDL heritability.
  • Utilizing a variance component decomposition framework with linear mixed models.

Main Results:

  • Substantially high heritability estimates for CpG islands were observed prior to fenofibrate treatment.
  • Principal component analysis helped normalize heritability distributions before and after drug treatment.
  • The TMEM52 gene, encoding a liver-expressed transmembrane protein, showed a significant association with HDL heritability through its methylation patterns.
  • The study demonstrated the potential of methylation patterns in explaining a portion of HDL heritability.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation heritability can be substantial and influenced by factors like drug treatment.
  • The TMEM52 gene represents a novel link between methylation, gene function, and HDL levels.
  • Variance component decomposition offers a robust framework for integrating diverse omics data to dissect complex traits.