Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: Development of an Enhanced Protocol for Rapid and Accurate Isolation of Campylobacter from Food Products
Published on: February 23, 2024
Prevalence of Clostridium difficile isolated from various raw meats in Korea
Joo Young Lee1,2, Da Yeon Lee1, Yong Sun Cho1
11Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, toxin-producing pathogen that causes human infection possibly through the consumption of meat. Clostridium difficile was isolated from 45 of 415 (10.8%) various raw meat samples collected in nationwide markets in Korea between 2013 and 2014. Among the 45 isolated strains, the highest prevalence rate was found in September (28.6%) and detected in chicken (16.4%), pork (8.3%) and beef (6.8%). According to an antibiotic resistance test, resistance was found only for clindamycin (2.2%). The genetic similarity of ribotypes O78 and O27 and strains isolated from raw meats was determined using DiversiLab. Among the isolates studied, four different rep-PCR types were identified, genetically distinct from ribotypes O78 and O27. An ELISA reaction confirmed that the two strains have toxin A and toxin B and showed 89% genetic similarity. This study suggests that food animals could be potential routes of foodborne transmission in C. difficile-associated human infection.
Related Concept Videos
Prevalence and Incidence
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
DNA Isolation
DNA Isolation
Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation
Cyclic Processes And Isolated Systems
In the case of a non-isolated system, the change in the internal energy is zero only if the process is cyclic. A thermodynamic process is considered cyclic if the system undergoes a series of changes and returns to its initial state.
Consider a cyclic process that returns to its initial state, undergoing a four-step process. The heat transfer along each...
Techniques for Isolation of Pure Cultures

