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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP
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Transcriptomic and epigenomic differences in human induced pluripotent stem cells generated from six reprogramming

Jared M Churko1,2,3, Jaecheol Lee1,2,3, Mohamed Ameen1,2,3

  • 1Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Nature Biomedical Engineering
|September 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The reprogramming method significantly impacts human induced pluripotent stem cells' (hiPSCs) gene expression. All hiPSC lines, regardless of method, demonstrated full differentiation potential, with differences linked to polycomb targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) closely resemble human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).
  • Previous studies reported differences between hiPSCs and hESCs, but used variable methods and conditions.
  • Standardization is crucial for accurate hiPSC and hESC comparison.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles of hiPSCs generated by six different methods.
  • To assess the impact of reprogramming methods on hiPSC characteristics.
  • To identify factors contributing to differences between hiPSCs and hESCs.

Main Methods:

  • Generated hiPSCs from a single fibroblast population using six distinct reprogramming techniques.
  • Utilized high-throughput sequencing for epigenetic analysis (H3K4me3, H3K27me3, HDAC2 ChIP-seq).
  • Performed transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) under standardized conditions.

Main Results:

  • The reprogramming method demonstrably influenced the hiPSC transcriptome.
  • All generated hiPSC lines exhibited complete terminal differentiation capacity.
  • A substantial number of differentially expressed genes between hiPSCs and hESCs were associated with polycomb repressive complex targets.

Conclusions:

  • Reprogramming methodology is a key determinant of hiPSC transcriptomic identity.
  • Standardized comparison reveals method-specific epigenetic and gene expression patterns.
  • Polycomb repressive complex activity may explain a significant portion of hiPSC-hESC differences.