Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026
Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Published on: June 10, 2025
Prognostic factors for death after surgery for small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours
J Eriksson1, J E H Garmo2,3, C Ihre-Lundgren4
1Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden.
Background:
Neuroendocrine tumours of the small intestine (SI-NETs) are rare gastrointestinal neoplasms with an annual incidence of about one per 100 000. Patients with apparently similar tumours have variable outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify postoperative prognostic factors identifiable after initial surgery.
Methods:
This was a nested case-control study of patients with SI-NETs who were treated between 1961 and 2001. Data were retrieved from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Patients who died from the SI-NET and corresponding controls (who outlived cases by at least 1 month), matched by age at diagnosis and calendar period, were included. Sex, postoperative symptoms, postoperative 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) values, European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) stage, insufficiency of the tricuspid valve, radical secondary surgery and secondary malignancy were studied as potential prognostic factors.
Results:
In total, 1122 patients were included (561 cases, 561 controls). Postoperative factors of prognostic importance included hormone-related symptoms, stage IV disease, raised levels of 5-HIAA, insufficiency of the tricuspid valve, secondary surgery not being macroscopically radical and a second malignancy.
Conclusion:
Stage and symptomatic disease are important prognostic factors in SI-NET.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Anatomy of the Intestines
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
02:16Transcription Factors
01:18Autophagic Cell Death
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
01:30Overview of Cell Death
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
01:15Small Intestine
The small intestine is divided into three main sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum, approximately 25 cm long, is nearest the stomach. It acts as a 'mixing bowl,' where chyme (partially digested food) blends with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and liver. The duodenum's unique...
01:09Large Intestine
The ileocecal sphincter, a mucous membrane fold, guards the opening from the ileum to the large intestine. This valve permits material from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine. Attached to the ileocecal valve is the cecum. This small pouch, approximately 6 cm long, has a twisted, coiled tube known as...