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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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People tend to know what behavior is expected of them in specific, familiar settings. A script is a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting (Schank & Abelson, 1977). Essentially, scripts are a particular kind of schema, one containing default values for the features within an event. In the restaurant example, the script's features include the props (e.g., tables, menu, food, and money), the roles to be played (e.g., customer and waiter),...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma mimicking thyroid abscess.

Tze Liang Loh1, Abu Bakar Zulkiflee1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

AME Case Reports
|September 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) can mimic infections like abscesses. This case highlights the importance of considering aggressive cancers, even with initial negative results, for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
Thyroid carcinomahead and neck surgeryneck abscessthyroid abscess

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive thyroid cancer with a poor prognosis.
  • ATC often presents with rapid neck mass enlargement and compressive symptoms.

Observation:

  • A 52-year-old male presented with a rapidly enlarging neck mass.
  • Initial ultrasound suggested a thyroid cyst, and fine needle aspiration cytology was negative for malignancy.
  • The patient later presented with symptoms suggestive of a right neck abscess.

Findings:

  • Histopathology of a biopsied lymph node revealed metastatic carcinoma.
  • A subsequent thyroid wedge biopsy confirmed Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (ATC).

Implications:

  • This case underscores the diagnostic challenges in distinguishing ATC from infections like thyroid abscesses.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis of ATC is crucial for initiating appropriate treatment and improving patient outcomes.
  • Metastatic carcinoma in cervical lymph nodes can be an early sign of ATC, necessitating thorough investigation.