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Langerhans cells in human warts.

Y Chardonnet, J Viac, J Thivolet

    The British Journal of Dermatology
    |December 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Wart lesions often lack normal Langerhans cells (LC) in the epidermis, with their disappearance linked to viral antigen presence. T-cell infiltration was uncommon in these human papillomavirus-induced skin conditions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunodermatology
    • Virology
    • Histopathology

    Background:

    • Warts are common skin lesions caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).
    • The role of immune cells, particularly T-cells and Langerhans cells (LC), in wart pathogenesis is not fully understood.
    • Understanding immune cell distribution in warts may offer insights into viral persistence and immune evasion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and distribution of T-cell subsets, Langerhans cells (LC), and HLA-DR antigen in various types of warts.
    • To correlate immune cell findings with the presence of viral antigen in wart lesions.

    Main Methods:

    • Indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies.
    • Analysis of T-cell subsets (helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic).

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  • Assessment of Langerhans cells (LC) and HLA-DR antigen expression.
  • Study included 76 warts from 55 patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Approximately 80% of wart lesions showed immune cell infiltrate.
    • Reduced numbers or absence of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) were observed in 65% of biopsies.
    • Disappearance of epidermal LC correlated with the presence of viral antigen.
    • T-cell infiltration was infrequent, with only 19 lesions containing helper/inducer or suppressor/cytotoxic T cells.
    • Infiltrating cells were sometimes HLA-DR-positive, while basal cells consistently lacked HLA-DR expression.

    Conclusions:

    • Wart development is associated with significant alterations in epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) distribution.
    • The loss of epidermal LC appears to be driven by the presence of viral antigen, potentially impairing local immune surveillance.
    • The limited T-cell response suggests a role for immune evasion mechanisms in persistent warts.