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Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer

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Differences in bulk and microscale yttrium speciation in coal combustion fly ash.

Ross K Taggart¹, Nelson A Rivera, Clément Levard

¹Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. hsukim@duke.edu.

Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts

|September 29, 2018

Summary

Coal fly ash contains rare earth elements (REEs) primarily within its glass phase. Understanding yttrium speciation in this ash is key for effective REE extraction and resource recovery.

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Area of Science:

Geochemistry
Materials Science
Environmental Science

Background:

Coal combustion ash is a potential source of rare earth elements (REEs).
Effective REE extraction from coal ash necessitates understanding their chemical forms and locations.
Yttrium (Y) serves as a representative REE for speciation studies in coal fly ash.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the major chemical forms (speciation) of yttrium in coal fly ash.
To determine the distribution and mineralogical associations of yttrium in fly ash samples from major U.S. coal sources.
To assess the influence of scale (bulk vs. microscale) on yttrium speciation analysis.

Main Methods:

Sequential selective extractions to determine REE partitioning.
Bulk Y K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) for coordination state analysis.
Micro-focus X-ray fluorescence and micro-XANES for micron-scale speciation.
Analysis of fly ash samples from major U.S. coal sources.

Main Results:

REEs, including yttrium, are predominantly found in the residual (unextracted) fraction of coal fly ash.
Yttrium extraction patterns suggest co-dispersion with lanthanides within the fly ash aluminosilicate glass.
Bulk XANES indicated Y speciation as a mix of oxides, carbonate, and doped glass.
Microprobe analysis revealed localized 'hotspots' with different Y forms, such as phosphates, not seen in bulk analysis.

Conclusions:

Yttrium and likely other REEs are primarily incorporated into the glass matrix of coal fly ash.
Bulk speciation analysis provides a representative overview, while microscale analysis can reveal localized variations.
Understanding dominant speciation in the glass phase is crucial for optimizing REE recovery strategies from coal ash.