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Droplet impact dynamics on textiles.

Gannian Zhang1, Miguel A Quetzeri-Santiago1, Corinne A Stone2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Textile water repellency is determined by mesh size, not just material properties. Understanding droplet impact dynamics reveals how pore size governs liquid penetration, crucial for applications like waterproof clothing.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Textile droplet repulsion is vital for applications like waterproof clothing and inkjet printing.
  • The physical mechanisms governing droplet impact on textiles are not fully understood.
  • Droplet impact generates simultaneous flows above and below the textile surface, influencing spreading and penetration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal evolution of droplet spreading diameter on hydrophobic and hydrophilic textiles.
  • To elucidate the physical mechanisms controlling droplet penetration and repulsion in textiles.
  • To determine the key parameters governing droplet behavior upon impact with textile surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental analysis of droplet impact on textiles with varying porosity and surface properties (hydrophobic and hydrophilic).
  • Measurement of the temporal evolution of the lateral spreading diameter of impacting droplets.
  • Theoretical analysis balancing dynamic impact and capillary pressures to predict penetration behavior.

Main Results:

  • At short timescales, droplet shape deformation is minimal on low-porosity textiles.
  • Early-stage droplet penetration is inertia-driven, without visible lamella formation.
  • Hydrophilic textiles can either capture or allow droplet penetration based on impact conditions and material properties.

Conclusions:

  • Textile water repellency is primarily controlled by the mesh size (pore size).
  • Droplet penetration is governed by a threshold pore size, liquid properties, and droplet diameter.
  • Findings align with previous studies on hydrophobic metallic meshes, confirming the role of pore size.