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Proceed with caution: using verbal protocol analysis to measure situation awareness.

Janette Rose1, Chris Bearman2, Anjum Naweed2

  • 1a Centre for Sleep Research , University of South Australia , Adelaide , Australia.

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Summary

Verbal protocol analysis (VPA) did not directly measure situation awareness (SA) in a train simulator experiment. However, VPA effectively identified differences in SA errors between novice and expert participants.

Keywords:
Situation awarenesssituation awareness measurementtrain simulator studyverbal protocol analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Human Factors
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Transportation Safety

Background:

  • Verbal protocol analysis (VPA) is utilized to gather insights into operator cognitive processes in naturalistic settings.
  • Recent applications of VPA explore situation awareness (SA) acquisition and maintenance, yet its efficacy as an SA measurement tool remains under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This study investigated the validity of VPA as a method for measuring situation awareness (SA).
  • The research aimed to determine if VPA could effectively differentiate SA levels between novice and expert operators.

Main Methods:

  • A train simulator experiment was conducted using novice and expert participants.
  • Participants engaged in a task while vocalizing their thoughts (VPA), and their verbalizations were transcribed and coded.
  • A specific coding scheme was developed to analyze the transcribed verbal data.

Main Results:

  • Direct application of VPA did not support its use as a direct measure of situation awareness (SA).
  • However, VPA, specifically through the analysis of SA errors, successfully detected significant differences between novice and expert participants.
  • Conflicting findings with previous research are discussed, suggesting nuanced applications of VPA.

Conclusions:

  • While VPA may not be a direct SA measure, its capacity to detect SA errors warrants consideration.
  • Caution is advised when employing VPA for SA measurement; focusing on error detection may yield more reliable results.
  • Further research is needed to reconcile findings and establish definitive guidelines for VPA in SA research.