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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Eye behavior does not adapt to expected visual distraction during internally directed cognition.

Sonja Annerer-Walcher1, Christof Körner1, Mathias Benedek1

  • 1Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

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Internal focus, like mental math, automatically shields attention from external distractions. This perceptual decoupling is an innate, passive mechanism, unaffected by anticipated distractions, indicating an automatic inward focus.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Perception

Background:

  • Internally directed cognition allows ignoring sensory distractions, potentially via perceptual decoupling.
  • The nature of this shielding (active vs. passive) during cognitive tasks remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if perceptual decoupling during internal tasks is an active, adaptive shielding mechanism or a passive, automatic one.
  • To determine if awareness of potential external distractions influences this shielding.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed mental multiplications while eye behavior (blink rate, saccades, gaze, pupil dilation) was monitored.
  • Distraction blocks were manipulated (expected vs. unexpected distractors) to assess adaptive shielding.

Main Results:

  • Mental multiplication triggered perceptual decoupling, evidenced by increased blink rate, saccade/microsaccade rates, and pupil dilation.
  • Despite perceived difficulty, performance and eye-tracking markers were unaffected by expected distractors.

Conclusions:

  • Perceptual decoupling is an automatic mechanism, not an active shielding strategy.
  • Focusing attention inward induces insensitivity to external stimuli, irrespective of distraction predictability.