Lanthanide phosphate (LnPO₄ ) rods as bio-probes: A systematic investigation on structural, optical, magnetic, and...

The proposed work involves an exclusive study on the synthesis protocol, crystal structure analysis, and imaging contrast features of unique lanthanide phosphates (LnPO₄ ). XRD and Raman spectra affirmed the ability of the proposed synthesis technique to achieve unique LnPO₄ devoid of impurities. The crystal structure analysis confirms the P121/c1 space setting of NdPO₄ , EuPO₄ , GdPO₄ , and TbPO₄ that all uniformly crystallizes in monoclinic unit cell. In a similar manner, the tetragonal crystal setting of DyPO₄ , ErPO₄ , HoPO₄ , and YbPO₄ that unvaryingly possess the I41/amd space setting is confirmed. Under the same synthesis conditions, the monoclinic (Eu) and tetragonal (Ho) lanthanide phosphates displayed uniform rod-like morphologies. Absorption and luminescence properties of unique LnPO₄ were determined. In vitro biological studies demonstrated low toxicity levels of LnPO₄ and clearly distinguished fluorescence of TbPO₄ and EuPO₄ in Y79, retinoblastoma cell lines. The paramagnetic response of GdPO₄ , NdPO₄ , DyPO₄ , TbPO₄ , and HoPO₄ facilitated excellent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast features. Meanwhile, GdPO₄ , DyPO₄ , HoPO₄ , and YbPO₄ possessing higher X-ray absorption coefficient than clinical contrast Omnipaque™ exhibited high computed tomography (CT) efficiency. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1372-1383, 2019.