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Formation of lead ferrites for immobilizing hazardous lead into iron-rich ceramic matrix
Xingwen Lu1, Jiani Yang2, Xun-An Ning2
1School of Environmental Science and Engineering, and Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
Abstract:
A strategy of immobilizing lead in the framework of ferrite-ceramic matrix, to reduce its environmental hazard was explored in this study. The mechanisms of incorporating lead into lead ferrites (δ-phase (2PbO·Fe2O3), γ-phase (PbO·(2-2.5)Fe2O3) and β-phase (PbO·(5-6)Fe2O3)) was revealed by observing the phase transformation in the products. The δ-phase was dominantly formed at low temperature of 700-800 °C at Pb/Fe of 1/1-1/3. The significant growth of γ-phase was observed at 750-850 °C and Pb/Fe of 1/4-1/7. The β-phase substantially formed at 900-1000 °C with Pb/Fe of 1/7-1/12. The transformation of δ-phase to γ-phase and/or β-phase indicated the destruction of δ-phase unit and reconstruction of γ-phase and β-phase units during sintering process. However, the transformation of γ-phase into β-phase suggested a structure conversion process, local structural changes arose as a consequence of the addition of Fe2O3. When comparing the leaching ability of δ-, γ- and β-phase, the results showed the superiority of β-phase for lead immobilization over the longer leaching period.
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