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Pathogenic functions of host microbiota.

Silke Rath1, Tatjana Rud1, André Karch2

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Summary

Human gut microbiota can promote disease through specific functions, not just species. Targeting these "pathofunctions" offers new strategies for assessing risk and developing precision treatments for better host health.

Keywords:
BileDiagnosticsEcologyFunctionGut microbiotaHydrogen sulfidePathogenRisk assessmentSystems biologyTMA

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Metagenomics
  • Host-microbe interactions

Background:

  • Human microbiota composition is linked to disease.
  • Distinguishing between commensals, pathobionts, and pathogens is challenging.
  • Microbiota's role in disease necessitates a functional understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce the concept of "pathogenic function (pathofunction)".
  • Investigate specific pathofunctions (trimethylamine, secondary bile acids, hydrogen sulfide) linked to non-communicable diseases.
  • Quantify pathofunctions in health and disease states.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of publicly available metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data (n=2975).
  • Quantification of specific metabolite-producing pathways.
  • Identification of bacterial taxa associated with pathofunctions.

Main Results:

  • Pathofunctions are widespread in the gut microbiota.
  • Increased abundances of pathofunctions were observed in patient groups.
  • These functions, though present at low concentrations (<1%), involve diverse taxa.

Conclusions:

  • A function-centric approach to microbiota analysis is proposed.
  • This approach aids in risk assessment for microbiota-associated diseases.
  • It supports the development of precision treatments targeting gut microbiota for improved host health.