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Related Concept Videos

Bone Markings01:26

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Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
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Design Example: Marking Boundaries of a Site Using a Compass01:12

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Defining Psychology01:24

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Psychology is the scientific discipline dedicated to understanding both observable behavior and the internal mental processes underlying such behavior. It aims to comprehend human nature and apply this understanding to solve practical problems, enhance well-being, and improve societal outcomes. An example of psychology's application is the study of prosocial behavior, such as why and under what conditions individuals might help strangers in need. This process involves describing observed...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Piecewise-Defined Functions01:28

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Piecewise defined functions are mathematical models where different expressions define a function over distinct intervals of the domain. These functions are useful for representing systems with varying behaviors depending on input values.For example, the function:  uses a linear rule for inputs less than or equal to –1 and a quadratic rule for values greater than –1. Although it has two formulas, it still defines a single function.Another common type is the absolute value...
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Defining Social Psychology01:09

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Social psychology investigates how the presence and actions of others influence individual behavior, cognition, and emotion. Examining the social environment's impact provides a scientific framework for understanding how individuals perceive others and are, in turn, influenced by them. This field seeks to uncover the underlying principles guiding social interactions, exploring phenomena such as conformity, obedience, and prosocial behavior.Core Themes in Social PsychologyOne central focus of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

In vivo Clonal Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Marked by Five Fluorescent Proteins using Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy
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Clonal dynamics in osteosarcoma defined by RGB marking.

Stefano Gambera1, Ander Abarrategi1,2, Fernando González-Camacho3

  • 1Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain.

Nature Communications
|September 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteosarcoma evolution involves initial polyclonal dynamics and subsequent clonal dominance. Metastases originate differently from dominant primary tumor clones, suggesting neutral evolution in osteosarcoma development.

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A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma is a heterogeneous bone tumor with poor prognosis.
  • Limited understanding of osteosarcoma's complex biology and clonal dynamics hinders treatment advances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clonal evolution of osteosarcoma using a murine model.
  • To understand the dynamics of tumor cell populations and their adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel RGB-based single-cell tracking system.
  • Studied clonal dynamics in a de novo-induced murine osteosarcoma model.

Main Results:

  • Osteosarcoma exhibits initial polyclonal dynamics, shifting to clonal dominance driven by microenvironmental adaptation.
  • Dominant clones contain subclones with similar tumor-generating potential.
  • Metastases are clonal or oligoclonal but arise from different cellular origins than primary tumor dominant clones.

Conclusions:

  • Osteosarcoma development may follow a neutral evolution model.
  • Different cancer clones coexist and propagate simultaneously during osteosarcomagenesis.