Understanding Individual Differences in Domain-General Prosociality: A Resting EEG Study

Prosocial behavior is of vital importance for the smooth functioning of society. However, the propensity to behave in a prosocial manner is characterized by vast individual differences. In order to reveal the sources of these differences, some studies have used objective, task-independent neural traits, for instance resting electroencephalography (EEG). Despite providing valuable insights into the neural signatures of several domains of prosociality, each of these studies has only focused on one single domain. Here, we exposed 137 participants to different social dilemma situations in order to obtain a measure of the individuals' domain-general prosociality and recorded multi-channel task-independent, resting EEG. Using a source-localization technique, we found that resting current density within the temporo-parietal junction in two beta bands (beta2 and beta3) was positively associated with domain-general prosociality. This is the first demonstration of neural signatures underlying individual differences in the propensity to behave in a prosocial manner across different social situations.