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Pollen metabarcoding as a tool for tracking long-distance insect migrations.

Tomasz Suchan1, Gerard Talavera2,3, Llorenç Sáez4

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|September 30, 2018
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Summary

Insect migration, crucial for biodiversity and pollination, is now trackable using pollen metabarcoding. This study reveals butterflies migrate from Africa to Europe, highlighting transcontinental pollination

Keywords:
Vanessa carduiSaharainsect migrationpollen metabarcodingpollination

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Entomology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Insects are vital for biodiversity and ecosystem services like pollination.
  • Insect migration is poorly understood due to technical limitations in tracking movement.
  • The butterfly Vanessa cardui is an emerging model for studying insect migration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a novel method for tracking insect migrations using pollen metabarcoding.
  • To investigate the migratory origins of Vanessa cardui butterflies arriving in Southern Europe.
  • To explore the implications of insect-mediated transcontinental pollination.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a DNA-extraction-free pollen metabarcoding protocol for efficient multiplexing.
  • Collected 47 Vanessa cardui butterfly samples along the Mediterranean coast of Spain.
  • Analyzed pollen DNA from butterfly bodies to identify plant species and geographic origins.

Main Results:

  • Identified 157 plant species, predominantly insect-pollinated.
  • Detected significant African and Saharan floral elements on butterflies, supporting an African origin.
  • Provided evidence for spring northwards trans-Saharan migration into Europe.

Conclusions:

  • Pollen metabarcoding is an effective tool for studying insect migration and plant-pollinator interactions.
  • Vanessa cardui butterflies likely migrate from Africa to Southern Europe in spring.
  • Insect-mediated transcontinental pollination has significant ecological and evolutionary implications.