Hyper-restorative non-equilibrium state as a driving force of biological morphogenesis

In 1935 Ervin Bauer formulated a basic principle of organization of living matter defined as the stable non-equilibrium state. The homeostatic stable non-equilibrium is realized internally by selecting the trajectories maintaining stable configurations from those disturbing it and supported by the dynamical structure of metabolism consisting of metabolic cycles, feedback loops and feedforward constraints. In the developing systems, according to Bauer, the principle of stable non-equilibrium is transformed into the principle of increasing external work which is grounded in the hyper-restorative non-equilibrium. The basis of this principle, as formulated by Lev Beloussov, is a hyper-restorative process during conformational relaxation of biomacromolecules which adds extra energy in the system and governs its complexification in which a new optimal coordinate pattern is searched. At the quantum level, this complexification is determined by the parametric refinement process in the field of possibilities. The complexification process takes place at the level of the cytoskeleton which represents a macroscopic enzymatic system and can generate differentiation waves that spread between cells. This may be associated with the function of cytoskeleton of transmitting signals and generating impulses. Different types of waves during morphogenesis correspond to different ranges of wavelengths of emission, from biophoton radiation to the hypersound waves in transmission of neural impulses. It is concluded that biological morphogenesis is based on the hyper-restorative non-equilibrium supported by the functional structure of the cytoskeleton.