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Exploring mania-associated white matter injury by comparison with multiple sclerosis: a diffusion tensor imaging

Niccolò Piaggio1, Simona Schiavi2, Matteo Martino3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Neurology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.

Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging
|September 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Bipolar disorder (BD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) show white matter (WM) changes, particularly in the corpus callosum. While both conditions affect WM, MS patients had greater overall impairment, with distinct regional patterns observed in each disorder.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderDiffusion tensor imagingMagnetic resonance imagingManiaMultiple sclerosisWhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Immunology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) share neuroimaging and immunological similarities, especially during active phases of BD.
  • Investigating white matter (WM) alterations can elucidate shared and distinct pathological mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare white matter (WM) microstructural alterations in manic bipolar disorder (M-BD) and early-stage multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
  • To analyze diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics in specific WM regions, including the corpus callosum and cingulum.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to assess fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD).
  • WM regions, specifically the corpus callosum (genu, body, splenium) and cingulum, were analyzed in 23 M-BD patients, 23 MS patients, and 46 healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Both M-BD and MS patients exhibited WM changes in the corpus callosum, with MS showing greater impairment.
  • Distinct spatial patterns of WM alterations were observed: M-BD showed greater impairment in the anterior corpus callosum, while MS showed greater impairment in the posterior region.

Conclusions:

  • Common and divergent patterns of DTI changes exist between M-BD and early MS.
  • Further research into the analogies and differences in WM and immunological alterations is warranted for both disorders.