Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Dry Root Rot Disease Assays in Chickpea: a Detailed Methodology
Published on: January 17, 2021
Accuracy and reliability of the expected root position setup methodology to evaluate root position during orthodontic
Robert J Lee1, Sarah Pi2, Justyn Park2
1Division of Orthodontics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
Introduction:
Current methods to evaluate root position either are inaccurate (panoramic radiograph) or expose patients to relatively large amounts of radiation (cone-beam computed tomography [CBCT]). A method to evaluate root position by generating an expected root position (ERP) setup was recently reported but has not been validated. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the accuracy and reliability of the ERP setup with adequate statistical power.
Methods:
This retrospective study included 15 subjects who had completed phase 2 orthodontic treatment. An ERP setup was generated for all patients after treatment. The ERP setup was compared with the posttreatment CBCT scan, which served as the control. The mesiodistal angulation and buccolingual inclination of all teeth in both the ERP setup and the posttreatment CBCT scan were measured and compared. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess interoperator reliability, intraoperator reliability, and agreement between the ERP setup and the posttreatment CBCT scan.
Results:
Bland-Altman plots showed high interoperator and intraoperator reliabilities. These plots also showed strong agreement between the ERP setup and the posttreatment CBCT scan; 11.8% of teeth measured for mesiodistal angulation and 9.6% of teeth measured for buccolingual inclination were outside the ±2.5° range of clinical acceptability.
Conclusions:
We validated that the method to generate an ERP setup to evaluate root position for posttreatment orthodontic assessment is accurate and reliable.
Related Concept Videos
Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems
The construction rules for the root locus in positive feedback systems are similar to those in...
Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots
Position-effect Variegation
Position and Displacement
Serial Position Effect
Root Mean Square
For example, consider the velocity of gas molecules in a container. The gas molecules are moving in different directions, which might impart positive and negative...

