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Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Cancer Prevention02:59

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies
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[Overdiagnosis in cancer].

Mercè Marzo-Castillejo1, Carmen Vela-Vallespín2

  • 1Unitat Suport Recerca Metropolitana Sud-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Institut Català de la Salut, Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Grupo de Trabajo de Prevención del Cáncer del PAPPS; Grupo de Trabajo de Cáncer de la semFYC.

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Summary

Cancer overdiagnosis involves detecting slow-growing or non-progressive tumors that would never cause harm. This leads to unnecessary over-treatment with significant risks and toxicity for patients.

Keywords:
Breast cancerCribadoCáncer de mamaCáncer de próstataCáncer de tiroidesIncidentalomaIncidentalomasOverdiagnosisProstate cancerScreeningSobrediagnósticoThyroid cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Overdiagnosis identifies asymptomatic cancers unlikely to cause future health issues.
  • These cancers are often found via screenings or incidental imaging findings.
  • Some detected tumors may regress spontaneously without intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and discuss the implications of cancer overdiagnosis.
  • To highlight the link between overdiagnosis and over-treatment.
  • To underscore the risks associated with unnecessary cancer treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on cancer overdiagnosis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic pathways leading to incidental findings.
  • Examination of population screening outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Overdiagnosis detects cancers that pose no life threat.
  • Incidental findings and screenings are common detection methods.
  • Over-treatment risks include toxicity and adverse effects.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer overdiagnosis is a significant clinical concern.
  • It drives unnecessary and potentially harmful treatments.
  • Careful consideration is needed to balance early detection with avoiding over-treatment.