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Zebrafish Model of Neuroblastoma Metastasis
Published on: March 14, 2021
Practical Application of the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System: A Pictorial Review
Fernanda Del Campo Braojos1, Lane F Donnelly2
1Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology, Hospital da Crianca e Maternidade de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.
Abstract:
Because of issues with the previous staging system, the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System (INRG-SS) was created in 2009. The INRG-SS is based on preoperative imaging, rather than surgical, staging and emphasizes Imaging-Defined Risk Factors as the determining factors between L1 and L2 stages. Like with the introduction of any new tool, based on the authors' experience, there has been a time-lag related to adoption of the INRG-SS staging system by radiologists. This pictorial essay offers a practical approach to learning and utilizing the INRG system, emphasizing use of the descriptive terms which determine the presence or absence of imaging-defined risk factors.
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