Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
Published on: December 2, 2015
Promoter Polymorphisms of TNF-α Gene as a Risk Factor for Schizophrenia
Renata Suchanek-Raif1, Paweł Raif2, Małgorzata Kowalczyk1
1Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Sosnowiec, Poland.
Background/Aims:
The latest data showed a link between mental disorders and altered immune function. Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disease with numerous changes in the immunological system. The TNF-α gene is a strong candidate for schizophrenia susceptibility. The focus of this paper were the -1031 T/C, -863 C/A, -857 C/T, -308 G/A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TNF-α gene.
Methods:
We conducted a case-control study of 401 patients with schizophrenia and 606 healthy subjects. The connections between tested SNPs and clinical variables (PANSS, age of onset, a family history, and suicide attempts) were also examined.
Results:
The presence of genotypes: the C/C at -1031 T/C; the C/C at -863 C/A; the G/G at -308 G/A in the TNF-α gene was associated with a higher risk of schizophrenia in men. The presence of A allele at -308 G/A increased a risk of schizophrenia in women. Three haplotypes were associated with a higher risk of schizophrenia in men but not women. We did not reveal any associated tested SNPs with intensity of schizophrenia symptoms.
Conclusion:
Our results indicate that in addition to -308 G/A, other promoter polymorphisms of TNF-α gene are associated with schizophrenia susceptibility depending on the sex. Tested SNPs are not associated with the psychopathology of schizophrenia.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Base-Promoted α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region
Factors Affecting α-Alkylation of Ketones: Choice of Base
The reaction involving bases like EtO− whose conjugate acid EtOH (pKa = 15.9) is stronger than the ketone (pKa = 19.2) results in an equilibrium mixture with higher ketone concentration. As a consequence,...
Schizophrenia

