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Hemoglobin potentiates central nervous system damage.

S M Sadrzadeh, D K Anderson, S S Panter

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |February 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Free iron from hemoglobin causes central nervous system (CNS) injury after trauma. The iron chelator desferrioxamine prevents this damage, suggesting a potential treatment for CNS injuries.

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    Iron: The Essential Poison.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biochemistry
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Iron and iron compounds, including hemoglobin, catalyze harmful reactions like lipid peroxidation.
    • Hemorrhagic injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) may involve hemoglobin-mediated damage.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of hemoglobin in CNS injury.
    • To determine if hemoglobin-induced lipid peroxidation contributes to central nervous system damage.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied the effects of purified hemoglobin on CNS homogenates in vitro.
    • Injected hemoglobin into the spinal cords of anesthetized cats in vivo.
    • Assessed the impact of hemoglobin and the iron chelator desferrioxamine on Na/K ATPase activity and lipid peroxidation.

    Main Results:

    • Hemoglobin significantly inhibited Na/K ATPase activity in CNS homogenates and living cats.
    • Hemoglobin catalyzed substantial peroxidation of CNS lipids.
    • Desferrioxamine effectively blocked the adverse effects of hemoglobin both in vitro and in vivo, indicating free iron as the toxic species.

    Conclusions:

    • Free iron derived from hemoglobin is the proximate toxic agent in CNS injury.
    • Hemoglobin released after trauma can promote tissue damage via iron-dependent mechanisms.
    • Desferrioxamine shows promise as a therapeutic agent for trauma-induced CNS injury.

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