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Communication

Communication

Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.

Communication

Communication

Sharing information, concepts, and emotions to foster mutual understanding is communication. The sender, recipient, and transaction must be considered in this manner. The sender is the person who shares the message, the recipient is the person who receives and understands the message, and the transaction is the method used to deliver the message and the variables that affect the communication's context and surroundings. The nurse-client connection is built on therapeutic communication.

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration

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Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.

Bacterial Signaling

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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...

Conservation of Small Populations

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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...

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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

A Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Bacterial Chemotaxis in Stable Concentration Gradients

A Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Bacterial Chemotaxis in Stable Concentration Gradients

Published on: April 19, 2010

Controlled communication between physically separated bacterial populations in a microfluidic device.

Ekaterina Osmekhina¹, Christopher Jonkergouw¹, Georg Schmidt¹

¹Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.

Communications Biology

|October 2, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered microbial communities can now coexist and function independently using a novel microfluidic system. This setup allows communication via quorum sensing, enabling stable, long-term control of microbial interactions for complex genetic regulation.

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Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

A Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Bacterial Chemotaxis in Stable Concentration Gradients

A Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Bacterial Chemotaxis in Stable Concentration Gradients

Published on: April 19, 2010

Studies of Bacterial Chemotaxis Using Microfluidics - Interview

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Separating Beads and Cells in Multi-channel Microfluidic Devices Using Dielectrophoresis and Laminar Flow

Separating Beads and Cells in Multi-channel Microfluidic Devices Using Dielectrophoresis and Laminar Flow

Published on: February 4, 2011

Area of Science:

Synthetic biology
Microfluidics
Microbial community engineering

Background:

Microbial systems engineering aims to create co-existing and co-functioning populations.
Specialized functions within microbial consortia can be achieved through engineered interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a microfluidic system for independent growth and communication of distinct microbial populations.
To demonstrate the use of quorum-sensing signaling for stable coupling and control of microbial communities.

Main Methods:

Utilized a microfluidic device enabling long-term, separate cultivation of microbial populations.
Implemented a nano-cellulose filter for controlled communication between populations.
Employed quorum-sensing signaling to couple microbial consortia.

Main Results:

Achieved independent growth of distinct microbial populations within the microfluidic system.
Established rapid and stable communication between coupled populations over extended periods.
Demonstrated the ability to drive nonlinear responses through controlled microbial communication.

Conclusions:

The developed microfluidic system facilitates standardized, context-independent interaction between microbial populations.
This approach provides a foundation for constructing complex, community-wide dynamic genetic regulatory mechanisms.
Engineered microbial communities with controlled communication open new avenues in synthetic biology.