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Related Concept Videos

Decreasing Function01:27

Decreasing Function

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A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Decreased pulse rate01:14

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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
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Sperm Transport01:15

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The journey of sperm from its origin to the point of ejaculation begins within the seminiferous tubules of the testis. Here, Sertoli cells produce fluid that propels non-motile sperm through a series of conduits, starting with the straight tubules leading to the rete testis. This interconnected network of tubules acts as the initial pathway for sperm, guiding them into the efferent ductules and then into the epididymis for maturation.
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Techniques for Imaging Ca2+ Signaling in Human Sperm
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[Genetically Determined and Functional Human Sperm Motility Decrease].

E E Bragina, E A Arifulin, E P Senchenkov

    Ontogenez
    |October 2, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sperm motility is crucial for fertilization. Genetic defects like primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and dysplasia of the fibrous sheath (DFO) impair motility, but assisted reproduction technologies offer hope for affected men.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Biology
    • Human Genetics
    • Spermatozoa Physiology

    Background:

    • Sperm motility is essential for mammalian fertilization, with the axoneme and surrounding tail structures forming its basis.
    • Quantitative analysis defines normative sperm motility parameters in fertile men.
    • Reduced sperm motility can result from exogenous factors or genetic defects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the genetic underpinnings of sperm motility disorders.
    • To discuss the implications of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and dysplasia of the fibrous sheath (DFO).
    • To examine the role of assisted reproduction technologies (ART) in managing these conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing quantitative research methods for human spermatozoa motility analysis.

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  • Employing modern molecular biological techniques to identify candidate genes.
  • Reviewing genetic inheritance patterns (autosomal recessive) for PCD and DFO.

    • Main Results:

    • Axonemal anomalies, such as absent dynein arms or central pair microtubules, can cause PCD.
    • PCD and DFO are multigene disorders typically manifesting in homozygotes.
    • ART enables individuals with PCD and DFO to achieve fatherhood, though offspring may be mutation carriers.

    Conclusions:

    • Genetic sperm pathologies, including PCD and DFO, are complex multigene disorders.
    • While ART offers reproductive solutions, the long-term genetic risks for offspring require further investigation.
    • Complete understanding of etiological factors for genetically determined sperm pathology is still lacking, hindering precise genetic risk assessment.