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Related Concept Videos

Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

33.7K
In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

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Base-pairing and DNA Repair02:27

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Mismatch Repair01:36

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Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model
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DNA repair defects and implications for immunotherapy.

Katherine M Bever, Dung T Le

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |October 2, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    DNA repair defects can cause cancer but also create vulnerabilities. Mismatch repair-deficient cancers show high activity with immune checkpoint inhibitors, suggesting new therapeutic strategies.

    Area of Science:

    • Genomic instability and DNA repair mechanisms
    • Cancer biology and carcinogenesis
    • Immunotherapy and cancer treatment

    Background:

    • Genomic integrity is crucial and protected by DNA repair systems.
    • Failure in DNA repair leads to genomic instability, cancer, and heritable cancer predisposition syndromes.
    • Defects in DNA repair pathways can represent therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the therapeutic potential of DNA repair defects in cancer.
    • To investigate genomic instability as a biomarker for immunotherapy selection.
    • To build upon recent successes in mismatch repair-deficient cancers.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of DNA repair pathways and their role in carcinogenesis.
    • Analysis of clinical data for mismatch repair-deficient cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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    Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
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  • Exploration of genomic instability markers for patient stratification.

    • Main Results:

    • Germline defects in DNA repair are linked to cancer predisposition.
    • Mismatch repair deficiency in cancers correlates with high efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
    • Genomic instability is emerging as a key factor in predicting immunotherapy response.

    Conclusions:

    • Exploiting DNA repair defects offers a promising therapeutic avenue in oncology.
    • Genomic instability biomarkers can guide patient selection for immunotherapy.
    • Further research into DNA repair deficiencies may uncover novel cancer treatment strategies.