Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
Published on: December 22, 2016
Clinical Relevance of C4d Deposition in Pediatric Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy
Hee Sun Baek1, Man Hoon Han2, Yong Jin Kim2
1a Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Korea.
Introduction:
Few studies have reported the association between the complement cascade and pediatric immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). This study aimed to investigate the association between C4d staining positivity and the clinical/histopathological characteristics of pediatric patients with IgAN.
Methods:
Children diagnosed with IgAN through renal biopsy were retrospectively reviewed. Renal biopsy specimens were stained using C4d immunohistochemistry.
Results:
Among the 56 patients, 31 (55.4%) showed positive mesangial or peripheral capillary C4d staining in glomeruli. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio was significantly higher in C4d-positive patients (p = 0.001). The severity of mesangial proliferation according to the Haas and Oxford classification was positively associated with positive C4d staining (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
Positive C4d staining was found to be significantly associated with the clinical/histopathological severity of IgAN.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Clinically Relevant Drug Product Specifications: Methods of Establishment
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

