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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

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Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
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A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
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In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic models, the...
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy, or the amount of disorder in a system, increases each time energy is transferred or transformed. Each energy transfer results in a certain amount of energy that is lost—usually in the form of heat—that increases the disorder of the surroundings. This can also be demonstrated in a classic food web. Herbivores harvest chemical energy from plants and release heat and carbon dioxide into the environment. Carnivores harvest the...
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The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

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The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
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The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. This can be demonstrated within a classic food web where light energy from the sun is harnessed as radiant energy by plants, converted into chemical energy, and stored as complex carbohydrates. The vegetation is then consumed by animals and during the digestion process, the sugars release energy as heat. The sugars also produce chemical energy that either gets used up doing work, stored in...
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Thermodynamics of Membrane Protein Folding Measured by Fluorescence Spectroscopy
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A thermodynamic framework for modelling membrane transporters.

Michael Pan1, Peter J Gawthrop1, Kenneth Tran2

  • 1Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|October 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces thermodynamically consistent models for membrane transporters by explicitly accounting for energy transfer. This physics-based approach ensures realistic simulations, unlike previous models, for key transporters like SERCA and Na+/K+ ATPase.

Keywords:
BiochemistryBiomedical engineeringBond graphChemical reaction networkSystems biology

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology
  • Cell Physiology

Background:

  • Membrane transporters regulate cellular internal environments by moving substrates across membranes.
  • Existing mathematical models often lack thermodynamic consistency, leading to unrealistic cellular behavior simulations.
  • Thermodynamic laws govern the physical behavior of all systems, including membrane transporters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop thermodynamically consistent mathematical models for membrane transporters.
  • To address the limitations of existing models that exhibit unrealistic behavior.
  • To apply a physics-based modeling framework that explicitly accounts for energy transfer.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a physics-based modeling framework.
  • Explicitly incorporated energy transfer principles into the models.
  • Applied the methodology to model the cardiac sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) and cardiac Na+/K+ ATPase.

Main Results:

  • Developed thermodynamically consistent models for membrane transporters.
  • Demonstrated a physics-based approach for accurate transporter modeling.
  • Successfully applied the framework to SERCA and Na+/K+ ATPase models.

Conclusions:

  • Thermodynamically consistent models are crucial for realistic simulations of membrane transporters.
  • The proposed physics-based framework provides a robust method for developing such models.
  • This approach enhances the accuracy of whole-cell models by ensuring transporter behavior aligns with physical laws.