Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026
08:21
Detection of Protein Interactions in Plant using a Gateway Compatible Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation BiFC System
Published on: September 16, 2011
25.9K
Gateway reflex: Local neuroimmune interactions that regulate blood vessels
Daisuke Kamimura1, Takuto Ohki1, Yasunobu Arima1
1Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Hokkaido, Japan.
Neurochemistry International
|October 2, 2018
Summary
The gateway reflex translates neural signals into local inflammation by altering blood vessels, enabling immune cell entry. This discovery offers new therapeutic avenues for neuroinflammation and other inflammatory conditions.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
Background:
- Neuroimmunology traditionally focuses on neuroinflammation and systemic immune regulation.
- Emerging evidence highlights bidirectional communication between neural activity and local immune responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the gateway reflex as a key neuroimmune interaction.
- To explore its role in translating neural stimulation into inflammatory outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Review of accumulating evidence on neuroimmune interactions.
- Identification and categorization of different types of gateway reflexes.
Main Results:
- The gateway reflex mechanism facilitates immune cell extravasation by altering specific blood vessels.
- Distinct gateway reflexes have been identified, each targeting specific vasculature.
- These reflexes induce localized inflammation.
Conclusions:
- The gateway reflex represents a novel mechanism linking neural activation to local inflammation.
- It offers a promising therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation.
- Potential applications extend to peripheral inflammatory diseases.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Structure of Blood Vessels
9.6K
Blood is circulated throughout the human body through a network of blood vessels called the circulatory system. This system includes arteries that transport blood from the heart to various body parts. These arterial pathways divide into smaller vessels until they reach the arterioles, which further split into capillaries. It is within these minuscule capillaries that the exchange of nutrients and waste products takes place. After this exchange, the blood is collected by venules, which fuse to...
9.6K
01:20Anatomy of Blood Vessels
2.8K
The vascular system, an integral part of the circulatory system, comprises various blood vessels that play crucial roles in maintaining the body's homeostasis. These blood vessels form a complex and efficient circulatory network. The three primary categories of blood vessels are the arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Arteries
Arteries circulate oxygenated blood from the heart, except the pulmonary artery, which transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Large arteries, such as the aorta,...
Arteries
Arteries circulate oxygenated blood from the heart, except the pulmonary artery, which transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Large arteries, such as the aorta,...
2.8K
01:07Development of Blood Vessels
1.5K
The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
1.5K
01:14Overview of Blood Vessels
10.8K
The human cardiovascular system comprises five primary types of blood vessels: arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and capillaries, each serving unique functions.
Arteries and Arterioles: Arteries are muscular and elastic vessels that primarily carry oxygenated blood from the heart to body tissues, except for the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood. They have thick walls to withstand high pressure and contain a layer of muscle tissue, allowing them to expand or contract as...
Arteries and Arterioles: Arteries are muscular and elastic vessels that primarily carry oxygenated blood from the heart to body tissues, except for the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood. They have thick walls to withstand high pressure and contain a layer of muscle tissue, allowing them to expand or contract as...
10.8K
01:18Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure
4.3K
Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
4.3K
01:17Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure
6.2K
Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction...
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction...
6.2K