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Perineuronal nets in brain physiology and disease.

Damien Testa1, Alain Prochiantz1, Ariel A Di Nardo1

  • 1Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, PSL University, Labex MemoLife, 75005 Paris, France.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|October 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are brain matrix structures supporting neurons involved in learning. This review details PNNs, their functions, roles in brain disorders, and therapeutic targeting strategies.

Keywords:
GlycosaminoglycanParvalbuminPlasticityProteoglycanPsychiatric disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures in the brain.
  • They are rich in glycosaminoglycans and assemble around specific neurons, particularly fast-spiking interneurons.
  • PNNs play crucial roles in neuronal function, including learning, memory, and plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a detailed review of PNN structure and organization.
  • To elucidate the diverse biochemical and physiological functions of PNNs.
  • To discuss the involvement of PNNs in various neurological and psychiatric disorders and explore therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on PNNs.
  • Detailed description of PNN composition and structural organization.
  • Analysis of PNNs' roles in neuronal signaling, plasticity, and disease pathology.

Main Results:

  • PNNs exhibit a complex, heterogeneous composition but a specific organization around target neurons.
  • They possess neuroprotective properties and modulate neuronal activity, signal transduction, and plasticity.
  • Dysfunctional PNNs are implicated in schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease, addiction, and other brain disorders.

Conclusions:

  • PNNs are critical regulators of neuronal function and brain plasticity.
  • Understanding PNN structure and function is key to addressing neurological and psychiatric conditions.
  • Targeting PNNs offers promising therapeutic avenues for treating brain dysfunction.