Octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside extracts polyomavirus receptor moieties from the surfaces of mouse kidney cells

Polyomavirus receptor moieties were extracted from the surfaces of mouse kidney cells with the nonionic detergent octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Following extraction with this detergent, mouse kidney cells were refractory to polyomavirus infection. Binding studies demonstrated that this loss of susceptibility resulted from extraction of a peripheral membrane protein or proteins required for proper virus attachment to and infection of mouse kidney cells. Infection of extracted mouse kidney cells returned following a 2-h recovery period. However, the presence of cycloheximide or tunicamycin in the recovery media interfered with recovery from infection. Cells could be infected immediately after extraction by supplying them with the extracted moieties prior to or concomitant with infection. A complex of polyomavirus and the extracted receptor protein was formed by in vitro incubation and was stable in sucrose gradient analysis. Functional receptor moieties were prepared in the form of liposomes from the detergent extract. The virus-receptor complex was immunoprecipitated with anti-polyomavirus immunoglobulin G, and the portion of the complex contributed by the cell was identified. Immunoblot analysis of the mouse kidney cell detergent extract with a receptor-specific 125I-labeled anti-idiotypic antibody or 125I-labeled polyomavirus demonstrated several reactive proteins. Attachment of polyomavirus to mouse kidney cells, followed by extraction of the virus-receptor complex, identified polyomavirus-binding proteins similar to those observed in in vitro binding. Proteins with molecular weights of approximately 95,000, 50,000 and 25,000 to 30,000 were consistently observed in all receptor assays. The relationship between these proteins and their possible involvement as the cell receptor for polyomavirus are discussed.