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Olfactory function and cognition in relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis.

A Carotenuto1, T Costabile1, M Moccia2

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
|October 2, 2018
PubMed
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients show impaired smell identification, linked to cognitive deficits. This olfactory dysfunction may serve as an indirect indicator of MS severity, especially in progressive forms.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCognitionMultiple sclerosisNeurodegenerationOlfactory functionProgressive

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Olfactory Research

Background:

  • Cognitive and olfactory impairments are common in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • The relationship between smell identification and cognitive function in MS is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate olfactory function in MS patients.
  • To determine the association between olfactory function and cognitive/physical disability in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-five MS patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs) underwent testing.
  • Olfactory function assessed using the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test (UPSIT).
  • Cognitive function evaluated via SDMT, CVLT II, BVMT, PASAT, and COWAT; fatigue and depression also measured.

Main Results:

  • MS patients exhibited significantly lower UPSIT scores compared to HCs (p=0.02).
  • The most pronounced olfactory deficits were observed in secondary-progressive and cognitively impaired MS patients.
  • Olfactory test scores correlated with performance on the SDMT, CVLT II, BVMT, and COWAT.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is confirmed in MS, particularly in progressive phenotypes.
  • This study demonstrates, for the first time, a link between olfactory deficits and various cognitive measures in MS.
  • Olfactory dysfunction may represent an indirect marker of MS severity, warranting further longitudinal investigation.