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Void Hole Avoidance for Reliable Data Delivery in IoT Enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks.

Arshad Sher1, Aasma Khan2, Nadeem Javaid3

  • 1Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan. arshadsher92@gmail.com.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces four novel routing schemes for underwater wireless sensor networks to conserve battery power. These methods improve data delivery and network lifespan in harsh aquatic environments.

Keywords:
adaptive transmission rangeclusteringcollisionresidual energyunderwater wireless sensor networksvoid hole

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Marine Technology

Background:

  • Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) face significant challenges due to limited battery power and harsh aquatic environments, leading to network failures.
  • Efficient energy utilization is critical for prolonging the lifespan of acoustic nodes in UWSNs as batteries are non-replaceable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate four energy-efficient routing schemes for Internet of Things-enabled UWSNs.
  • To enhance network performance by optimizing battery dissipation and prolonging network lifespan.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptive transmission range in WDFAD-Depth-Based Routing (A-DBR): Adjusts transmission range to bypass void nodes.
  • Cluster-based WDFAD-DBR (C-DBR): Forms small clusters for data gathering to minimize delay and energy.
  • Backward transmission-based WDFAD-DBR (B-DBR): Implements a fallback mechanism for energy-efficient route recovery.
  • Collision Avoidance-based WDFAD-DBR (CA-DBR): Uses a fallback mechanism and neighbor selection to reduce channel collisions.

Main Results:

  • The proposed A-DBR, C-DBR, B-DBR, and CA-DBR schemes demonstrate superior performance compared to baseline solutions.
  • Key performance indicators improved include average packet delivery ratio, reduced energy consumption (energy tax), minimized end-to-end delay, and shorter accumulated propagation distance.

Conclusions:

  • The developed routing schemes effectively address energy constraints in UWSNs.
  • These strategies significantly enhance the overall efficiency and reliability of underwater sensor networks for IoT applications.