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Scrub Typhus: No Longer Restricted to the Tsutsugamushi Triangle
1Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. Ju.Jiang2.ctr@mail.mil.
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
|October 3, 2018
Summary
Scrub typhus, a significant rickettsial illness, is expanding beyond its traditional range. New evidence shows it occurs outside the Tsutsugamushi Triangle and involves more than one Orientia species.
Area of Science:
- Rickettsial diseases
- Infectious diseases
- Medical entomology
Background:
- Scrub typhus is a globally significant rickettsial disease.
- Previously, its endemic region was confined to the Tsutsugamushi Triangle.
- This region encompasses Asia, Australia, and islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence on scrub typhus distribution and etiology.
- To inform researchers, healthcare providers, and leaders about expanding endemic areas.
- To guide new research, diagnostics, and prevention strategies for scrub typhus.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive review of serological data.
- Analysis of molecular and genetic evidence.
- Inclusion of culture-confirmed cases.
Main Results:
- Scrub typhus is not limited to the historical Tsutsugamushi Triangle.
- Etiology involves Orientia species beyond *Orientia tsutsugamushi*.
- Evidence supports a broader geographical and etiological scope for scrub typhus.
Conclusions:
- Scrub typhus is a growing global health concern with expanding endemicity.
- The causative agents and geographical range are more diverse than previously understood.
- Updated knowledge is crucial for effective scrub typhus control and management worldwide.
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