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Paediatric Strongyloidiasis in Central Australia

Angela Wilson1, Deborah Fearon2

  • 1BBioMedSci MBBS Hons, Paediatric Senior Registrar, Department of Paediatrics, Alice Springs Hospital, P.O. Box 2234, Alice Springs NT 0871, Australia. angela.wilson@nt.gov.au.

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
|October 3, 2018
PubMed

Insights

This study found a 16.1% seroprevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Central Australian paediatric patients. Indigenous children, particularly those outside Alice Springs, were more likely to be seropositive, highlighting the need for further research.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Paediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Limited data exists on paediatric strongyloidiasis prevalence in Australian endemic regions.
  • This study addresses this gap by presenting the first seroprevalence data for children in Central Australia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the seroprevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in paediatric patients in Central Australia.
  • To explore associations between seropositivity and clinical factors, including eosinophilia and geographic location.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review and exploratory clinical audit of paediatric inpatients tested for Strongyloides stercoralis in 2016.
  • Serological testing for Strongyloides stercoralis antibodies.
  • Analysis of demographic and clinical data, including eosinophil counts and geographic residence.

Main Results:

  • A seroprevalence of 16.1% for Strongyloides stercoralis infection was observed in paediatric inpatients.
  • Seropositive patients were more likely to reside outside Alice Springs (p=0.02) and had significantly higher mean eosinophil counts (p<0.0001).
  • All seropositive patients were Indigenous, and all tested patients were seronegative for human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1).

Conclusions:

  • Strongyloidiasis is prevalent in paediatric populations in Central Australia, particularly among Indigenous children residing in remote communities.
  • Eosinophilia is a common but not definitive indicator of infection.
  • Further epidemiological research is crucial to understand and manage strongyloidiasis in this region.

Keywords:
Aboriginal and Torres Strait IslanderCentral AustraliaIndigenousStrongyloides stercoralischild healthepidemiologystrongyloidiasis

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