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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

137.9K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Secondary healthcare is offered by a specialist, generally in hospitals or clinics for patients referred by primary healthcare providers. It occurs when a person has an illness or injury that requires specific medical care. Secondary care is often referred to as acute care. Secondary care can range from uncomplicated care to repair a minor laceration or treat a strep throat infection to more complicated emergent care, such as treating a head injury sustained in an automobile accident. Whatever...
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Secondary Distribution

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Secondary distribution systems provide electrical energy at the utilization voltage levels from distribution transformers to customer meters. Typical secondary voltages in the United States include 120/240 V for residential use, 208Y/120 V for residential and commercial use, and 480Y/277 V for industrial and high-rise commercial use.
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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis
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Secondary, AA, Amyloidosis.

Riccardo Papa1, Helen J Lachmann2

  • 1Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Centre, Pediatric and Rheumatology Clinic, Giannina Gaslini Institute, University of Genoa, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, Genova 16147, Italy.

Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America
|October 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Secondary AA amyloidosis, a rare complication of chronic inflammation, involves protein deposits in organs, primarily the kidneys. Early anti-inflammatory treatment can prevent further damage by normalizing SAA protein levels.

Keywords:
AA amyloidosisAutoinflammatory syndromeCongo red stainingRheumatoid arthritisSAA1 geneSAP scintigraphySerum amyloid ASystemic amyloidosis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Secondary AA amyloidosis is a rare systemic disease caused by extracellular deposition of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein fibrils.
  • This condition arises from long-term inflammatory disorders, where SAA, an acute-phase reactant, is upregulated.
  • The kidneys are the primary organ affected, often presenting with proteinuria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of AA amyloidosis.
  • To highlight the diagnostic role of renal biopsy.
  • To discuss current and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on AA amyloidosis.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes and emerging therapies.

Main Results:

  • AA amyloidosis is characterized by SAA protein deposition, leading to organ damage, particularly in the kidneys.
  • Proteinuria is a key clinical indicator, and renal biopsy is crucial for diagnosis.
  • Anti-inflammatory treatments can normalize SAA levels and prevent disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted anti-inflammatory therapies are effective in managing AA amyloidosis by controlling SAA levels and preventing renal damage.
  • Novel therapeutic approaches focusing on amyloid deposit clearance show promise for future treatment.