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Biomechanical Testing of Murine Tendons
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TESTING INFRASPINATUS AND DELTOID MUSCLES WITH NEW TECHNIQUE TO DECREASE DELTOID ACTIVITY DURING TESTING USING EMG

Steven W Forbush1, William D Bandy1, Mark K Garrison1

  • 1University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA.

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
|October 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active adduction (AA) reduces posterior deltoid (PD) muscle activity during infraspinatus muscle (IM) testing. This method allows for more accurate IM strength assessment without affecting IM EMG activity.

Keywords:
Electromyographyinfraspinatusinfraspinatus testmanual muscle testingposterior deltoid

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics and Kinesiology
  • Musculoskeletal Research
  • Electromyography Studies

Background:

  • Muscle strength testing of the infraspinatus muscle (IM) is often complicated by the activity of synergistic muscles, particularly the posterior deltoid (PD).
  • Accurate assessment of IM strength is crucial for diagnosing and managing shoulder injuries.
  • Identifying methods to isolate IM activity is essential for reliable clinical evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a testing condition that minimizes posterior deltoid (PD) electromyography (EMG) activity during infraspinatus muscle (IM) testing.
  • To investigate the hypothesis that active adduction (AA) can create reciprocal inhibition of the PD, thereby reducing its EMG activity.
  • To determine if AA can facilitate more accurate IM strength assessment.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort descriptive study involving 34 healthy participants (19 female, 15 male).
  • Surface EMG electrodes were placed on the IM and PD of the right shoulder.
  • EMG activity was recorded during resisted external rotation under four conditions: seated and side-lying active and passive adduction, with AA involving 80% maximum force against a sphygmomanometer.

Main Results:

  • Posterior deltoid (PD) EMG activity was significantly reduced during active adduction (AA) compared to testing without AA (p<0.05).
  • No significant differences in infraspinatus muscle (IM) EMG activity were observed across the different testing conditions.
  • This suggests that AA can effectively reduce synergistic muscle interference without compromising the primary muscle being tested.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians can utilize active adduction (AA) of the humerus prior to manual resistance to decrease posterior deltoid (PD) activity during infraspinatus muscle (IM) testing.
  • This technique allows for more isolated assessment of IM strength, improving the reliability of manual muscle testing.
  • The findings support the use of AA as a practical method to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of IM strength evaluations.