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Biomechanical forces in tissue engineered tumor models.

Letitia K Chim1, Antonios G Mikos1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street MS-142, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering
|October 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue engineering creates advanced 3D tumor models that better mimic the tumor microenvironment. These models incorporate biomechanical forces, improving pre-clinical cancer research and drug development.

Keywords:
ex vivo tumor modelmatrix stiffnessshear stresstissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Solid tumors are complex 3D structures, and traditional 2D cell cultures do not accurately represent the native tumor microenvironment.
  • This limitation hinders the effectiveness of pre-clinical drug studies and the investigation of cancer pathways.
  • The mechanical aspects of the tumor microenvironment, such as matrix stiffness and fluid shear stress, significantly influence cancer progression and drug resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in tissue-engineered tumor models.
  • To highlight the critical role of biomechanical forces within these models.
  • To propose future directions for enhancing the physiological relevance of engineered tumor models.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on tissue engineering techniques for creating 3D tumor models.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on the incorporation and impact of biomechanical factors (matrix stiffness, shear stress).
  • Discussion of strategies to improve the recapitulation of the in vivo tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Tissue engineering offers sophisticated 3D models that more accurately represent tumor architecture and cellular composition.
  • Biomechanical forces are integral to tumor progression and drug resistance, and their inclusion in models is crucial.
  • Current engineered models show promise in overcoming limitations of traditional 2D cultures.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue-engineered 3D tumor models are superior to 2D cultures for pre-clinical research.
  • Incorporating biomechanical forces is essential for developing highly predictive cancer models.
  • Future research should focus on further refining these models for enhanced physiological relevance and therapeutic development.