Towards adulthood with a solitary kidney

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Urology
• Renal Medicine

Background:

• Solitary kidney affects about 1 in 1000 people, stemming from congenital causes or acquired nephrectomy.
• Congenital solitary kidneys generally have better long-term outcomes than those acquired later in life.
• The remnant kidney undergoes adaptation, potentially leading to hyperfiltration, fibrosis, and impaired function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the causes and long-term consequences of solitary kidney.
• To outline current recommendations for renoprotective strategies and monitoring.
• To highlight the importance of early detection and management of potential complications.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on solitary kidney conditions, adaptation, and management.
• Analysis of factors influencing long-term glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
• Evaluation of non-pharmacological renoprotective measures and monitoring protocols.

Main Results:

• Congenital solitary kidneys exhibit better long-term GFR compared to acquired solitary kidneys.
• Adaptation mechanisms can lead to hyperfiltration, fibrosis, albuminuria, hypertension, and reduced renal function.
• Non-pharmacological strategies are crucial for renoprotection, including dietary control and lifestyle modifications.

Conclusions:

• Lifelong monitoring of blood pressure and albuminuria is essential for individuals with a solitary kidney.
• Regular GFR assessment is recommended, particularly if abnormalities are detected.
• Further consensus is needed regarding pharmacological interventions for solitary kidney management.