Folding 2D Structures into 3D Configurations at the Micro/Nanoscale: Principles, Techniques, and Applications

Area of Science:

• Micro/nanotechnology
• Materials Science
• Mechanical Engineering

Background:

• Three-dimensional (3D) micro/nanostructures offer enhanced functionalities over 2D counterparts, driving significant research interest.
• Existing micro/nanofabrication technologies are predominantly planar, posing challenges for direct 3D structure construction.
• Applications span diverse fields including mechanics, biomedicine, and optics, highlighting the demand for advanced 3D structures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in the folding method for 3D micro/nanostructure fabrication.
• To discuss the underlying principles, techniques, and applications of the folding strategy.
• To identify current challenges and future prospects in this fabrication domain.

Main Methods:

• Combining established planar micro/nanofabrication techniques with a folding approach.
• Producing 2D components using traditional methods.
• Assembling 2D components into 3D structures through controlled folding.

Main Results:

• The folding method leverages the precision, programmability, and mass-producibility of planar techniques.
• It expands fabrication capabilities for 3D micro/nanostructures without requiring extensive equipment modifications.
• Successful demonstration of diverse 3D structures with potential applications in various scientific fields.

Conclusions:

• The folding method presents a viable and advantageous strategy for fabricating complex 3D micro/nanostructures.
• It bridges the gap between 2D fabrication capabilities and the demand for 3D micro/nanoscale devices.
• Further research into optimizing folding techniques and exploring new applications is warranted.