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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Ecological Niches02:02

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All organisms have a position within an ecosystem. The complete set of living and nonliving factors—including food resources, climate, and terrain—that define the position of a given organism are collectively referred to as the organism’s ecological niche.
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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DNA Replication02:40

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. ...
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Reaction Mechanisms03:06

Reaction Mechanisms

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Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:
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Programming Stem Cells for Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles
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Programming Niche Accessibility and In Vitro Stemness with Intercellular DNA Reactions.

Xiaojiao Li1,2, Xiaodong Xie3, Zhiwei Ma2

  • 1School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|October 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method using DNA reactions to create stem cell niches, significantly improving the expansion and self-renewal of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) in 3D cultures for regenerative medicine applications.

Keywords:
intercellular DNA reactionmechanical regulationparacrine signalingstem cell expansionsynthetic niche

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Stem cells are crucial for regenerative medicine but are difficult to expand in vitro due to loss of stemness without self-renewal signals.
  • Existing methods using extracellular matrix mimics lack essential niche cells, hindering continuous stem cell expansion and pluripotency maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel strategy for sustained expansion and maintenance of stemness in stem cells using engineered niche cells.
  • To address the limitations of current in vitro stem cell culture systems for regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • An intercellular DNA-reaction-programmed strategy named ESPN (expansion of stem cells with pairing niches) was developed for 3D culture.
  • Boolean logic operations were implemented to control DNA-programmed mechanical and genetically engineered morphogen signaling from niche cells.

Main Results:

  • The ESPN strategy enabled sustained expansion of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) in vitro.
  • Engineered stem cell niches improved the proliferation of pluripotent cells by four times within one week of culture.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides a novel approach for logical regulation of stemness and proliferation of stem cells.
  • This strategy offers a promising solution for in vitro stem cell expansion, crucial for advancing regenerative medicine.