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Histopathologic features of alcoholic cardiomyopathy compared with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

Xuebiao Li1, Yu Nie, Hong Lian

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Medicine
|October 4, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Histologic differences between alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) were identified. Quantitative analysis revealed potential differences in myocyte and interstitium ratios, particularly in the left ventricle (LV).

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pathology
  • Histology

Background:

  • The distinction between alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) based on histology remains unclear.
  • This study aimed to delineate quantitative pathologic features differentiating ACM from IDCM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and compare quantitative histologic characteristics between alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM).
  • To elucidate potential differences in myocardial composition, including myocyte, fibrosis, and fatty tissue, between ACM and IDCM.

Main Methods:

  • Histomorphometry was performed on 408 myocardial tissue specimens from 34 ACM and 34 IDCM explanted hearts, alongside 8 specimens from healthy donors.
  • Tissues were sectioned and stained using Masson trichrome.
  • Image analysis quantified myocyte, fibrosis, fatty tissue, and interstitium percentages in six regions of the ventricles.

Main Results:

  • While fibrosis increased in end-stage cardiomyopathy compared to healthy controls, no significant difference in fibrosis or fatty tissue was found between ACM and IDCM.
  • A statistically significant difference was observed in the overall myocyte ratio (ACM: 69.5% vs. IDCM: 71.9%) and interstitium percentage (ACM: 10.8% vs. IDCM: 9.2%) between the two groups.
  • The myocyte area in the left ventricle (LV) was significantly smaller in ACM (65.37%) compared to IDCM (70.03%).

Conclusions:

  • Histologic characteristics of ACM and IDCM were described, suggesting potential quantitative differences in myocyte and interstitium composition.
  • These differences may be particularly pronounced in the left ventricle.
  • No significant difference in the percentage of fibrosis was detected between alcoholic cardiomyopathy and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Abstract

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