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Genetically encoded fluorescent indicators for live cell pH imaging.

Vladimir I Martynov1, Alexey A Pakhomov1, Igor E Deyev1

  • 1Russian Academy of Sciences, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.

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|October 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetically encoded pH sensors are vital tools for cellular research. Future developments aim for brighter, redshifted sensors for advanced tissue and whole-animal imaging, aiding disease diagnostics.

Keywords:
BiosensorFluorescenceMicroscopyRatiometric sensorpHpH imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Intracellular pH is critical for cellular functions.
  • Aberrant pH is linked to diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's.
  • pH signaling is increasingly recognized in plants and microorganisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in genetically encoded pH sensors over two decades.
  • To summarize fluorescent protein (FP)-based pH indicators.
  • To discuss hybrid sensors and multicolor pH imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of fluorescent protein (FP)-based pH indicators.
  • Examination of hybrid pH sensors combining fluorophores and genetic tags.
  • Review of multicolor pH imaging techniques.

Main Results:

  • Genetically encoded pH sensors enable noninvasive, targeted cellular analysis.
  • Significant progress in designing and applying pH sensors at the single-cell level.
  • Identified challenges in developing brighter, redshifted sensors for in vivo studies.

Conclusions:

  • Genetically encoded pH sensors are indispensable tools for cellular research.
  • Further development is needed for advanced imaging applications.
  • Improved sensors are crucial for disease diagnostics and whole-animal studies.